Industria eolikoko palen efizientzia aerodinamikoaren azterketa esperimentala baldintza ideal eta errealetan

Abstract

Energia berriztagarrien paradigmak erronka ugari dakartza berorrekin, epe laburrean erantzun beharrekoak bede-ren. Energia eolikoaren kasuan, ustiapena ohiko haize-parkeetatik itsasalde edota hiriguneetara mugitzean datza,inpaktu bisuala nahiz ingurumen kalteak murrizteko asmoz. Horrek haizearen fluxu baldintzak nabarmen aldatzeadakar; bereziki, turbulentzia eta ingurumen-eragileek sorturiko gainazal-zimurtasuna hartu behar da kontuan eta,hiriguneetako kasuan, aerosorgailuen eskala aldaketa.Haize-tunel bidezko entseguak burutuz, faktore horiekNACA0021 geometriadun pala baten efizientzia aerodinamikoan duten eragina aztertu da, baldintza idealetatikerrealetara igarotzean ematen den efizientzia galera ikusaraziz. Galera hori dela-eta, entsegu esperimentalak hariketa baldintza errealenetan egiteko beharra ondorioztatzen da.The paradigm of renewable energies brings a number of challenges to be solved in a short-term period. Inthe case of wind energy, it turns necessary to relocate onshore wind-farms in both offshore coastal regions andurban environments, so that visual and environmental impacts of current devices are reduced. This modifies theflow regime noticeably; indeed, turbulence and environmentally-induced roughness need to be accounted for, inaddition to the scale-effect in case of urban wind turbines. The effects of such factors on the aerodynamic efficiencyof a standard NACA0021 airfoil are tested via wind-tunnel measurements, showing the resultant decrease inaerodynamic efficiency when passing from ideal to real flow conditions. Such a decrease leads to concluding thataerodynamic tests should be undertaken with flow configurations that represent real operational conditions.