Izorratu gabe ikertzea: PIT Tagen erabilera Euskal Herriko saguzar kabernikoletan
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Saguzarrez hitz egiten dugunean, ugaztunen artean dibertsoenetarikoa den Chiroptera ordenaz ari gara. Dela ikerketan, dela kudeaketan banakoak identifikatzeko markak jarri behar izaten dira maiz. Hori horrela, saguzarrak markatzeko marka eta metodo ugari daude eskuragarri, bakoitzak bere abantailak eta desabantailak dituelarik. Horien artean, PIT Tagek animaliak pasiboki detektatzea ahalbidetzen dute, baina hauen erabilera espezie fisurikoletara egon da mugatua. Aurrerapen teknologikoei esker, lan honek PIT tagak baliatuz 3 saguzar espezie kabernikolaren populazio-ekologia eta ekologia espaziala ikertu ditu, lehenengoz Europan. Antenen detektagarritasuna hain izan da handia Jolly-Seber modeloek % 99 baino detektagarritasun balio altuagoak eman dituztela bai Myotis myotis-en eta bai Rhinolophus euryale-n. Bi espezie horien kasuan lehen urteko animalien biziraupena aldakorra izan da urtetik urtera. Gainera, emaitzek adierazten dute lehen urtea dela kritikoena hilkortasunari dagokionez espezie horientzat. R. euryale gazteak sexuarekiko independentea den filopatria eredua erakutsi dute; M. myotis gazteen artean, aldiz, soilik emeak izan dira filopatrikoak. Bukatzeko, M. schreibersii gazteek lehen urtean bertan distantzia luzeko mugimenduak egiten dituztela behatu da. Hori horrela, lan hau aurrekaria da metodologia hau saguzar kabernikoletan aplikatzean eta datozen urteetako erronkak finkatzen ditu.
Bats constitute the second most diverse mammal order, Chiroptera. Research and management of free-ranging bats ordinarily require the identification of individuals. To do so, there are several marking methods. Among them, PIT tags allow passively detecting the animals, but due to the low detection range of the antennas, their usage has been limited to bats that roost in rock crevices. Here, we present the first work in Europe that implements PIT tag for the study of cave-dwelling bats. Our homemade antennas showed great detectability, in fact Jolly-Seber models showed detectability values higher than 99 % for Rhinolophus euryale and Myotis myotis. Yearling survival rate was lower than adult survival rate; besides, survivorship of yearling bats varied substantially between years. Regarding philopatry, in R. euryale males and females were highly philopatric, while only the females returned to their natal colony in M. myotis. Finally, we recorded several long distance movements of yearlings of Miniopterus schreibersii.
Bats constitute the second most diverse mammal order, Chiroptera. Research and management of free-ranging bats ordinarily require the identification of individuals. To do so, there are several marking methods. Among them, PIT tags allow passively detecting the animals, but due to the low detection range of the antennas, their usage has been limited to bats that roost in rock crevices. Here, we present the first work in Europe that implements PIT tag for the study of cave-dwelling bats. Our homemade antennas showed great detectability, in fact Jolly-Seber models showed detectability values higher than 99 % for Rhinolophus euryale and Myotis myotis. Yearling survival rate was lower than adult survival rate; besides, survivorship of yearling bats varied substantially between years. Regarding philopatry, in R. euryale males and females were highly philopatric, while only the females returned to their natal colony in M. myotis. Finally, we recorded several long distance movements of yearlings of Miniopterus schreibersii.