Zenbateraino eragiten diote bakterio-komunitateek esne gordineko gazten kalitateari eta kaltegabetasunari?: Idiazabal gaztaren kasua
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Abstract
Esne gordineko gazten mikrobiota funtsezkotzat jotzen da, gaztaren kalitateari eta kaltegabetasunari eragiten diolako. Hala ere, informazio gutxi dago honen inguruan. Ikerketa honetan Idiazabal gaztaren bakterioen konposizioa heltzean zehar zelan aldatzen zen aztertu genuen eta horren erlazioa konposizio gordinarekin eta gantz-azido askeekin (GAA), kalitatearen eta aromaren aldetik; eta amina biogenikoekin (AB), toxikotasunaren ikuspuntutik. Heltzeak eta konposizio gordinaren bilakaerak bakterio azido-laktikoen nagusitzea faboratu zuen. Hauek GAAen askatzearekin erlazionatu ziren, eta gutxi batzuk, ABen sintesiarekin. Ingurumen-bakterioak eta bakterio ez-desiragarriak, aldiz, heltzean zehar inhibitu egin ziren. Hauek ABen degradazioarekin erlazionatu ziren eta GAAek hauen hazkuntza eragozten zutela behatu zen.
The microbiota of raw milk cheeses is considered essential, since it affects the quality and safety of the cheese. However, there is little information in this regard. In this study, we analysed how the bacterial composition of Idiazabal cheese changed during ripening and its relationship with gross composition and free fatty acids (FFAs), in terms of quality and aroma; and with biogenic amines (BAs), in terms of toxicity. The ripening time and the evolution of gross composition favoured the predominance of lactic acid bacteria. These were associated with the release of FFAs, and some, with the synthesis of BAs. Environmental and non-desirable bacteria, on the other hand, were inhibited during ripening. These were related to the degradation of BAs and it was observed that FFAs inhibited their growth.
The microbiota of raw milk cheeses is considered essential, since it affects the quality and safety of the cheese. However, there is little information in this regard. In this study, we analysed how the bacterial composition of Idiazabal cheese changed during ripening and its relationship with gross composition and free fatty acids (FFAs), in terms of quality and aroma; and with biogenic amines (BAs), in terms of toxicity. The ripening time and the evolution of gross composition favoured the predominance of lactic acid bacteria. These were associated with the release of FFAs, and some, with the synthesis of BAs. Environmental and non-desirable bacteria, on the other hand, were inhibited during ripening. These were related to the degradation of BAs and it was observed that FFAs inhibited their growth.
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gazta, mikrobiota, kalitatea, kaltegabetasuna, gantz-azido askeak, amina biogenikoak, cheese, microbiota, quality, safety, free fatty acids, biogenic amines