Ekonomia versus ekologia: historialaritzarentzako zenbait irakaspen

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1998-02-07, 1998-02-07, 1998-02-07, 1998-02-07

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Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea

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The article analyses bases and consequences of the “antiecological” way economy, as science (so the economic history as a mixed discipline), took since its beginning. Economy considers the field of production and distribution out of nature, and this consideration has created great obstacles within the history evolution and, mostly, the future of human economy. Since the decade of 1970, when ecological crisis began to be prominent, in the same time with the evolution of ecology, new links between economical and ecological problems have been found, in order to get a syntesis between them. Because of that, references of this focus have been found, and during the last twenty-thirty years, the orthodox economy has been hardly criticised. Thereby, economical science has reacted, sometimes reclaiming the synthesis mentioned, some other times integrating some aspects of the analysis within neoclassical orthodox. Finally, basing on some works on history, the article tries to present the way to a possible environmental history.
Artikulu honetan aztertzen dira ekonomiak, zientzia bezala (eta, beraz, ekonomi historiak, diziplina hibrido bezala) bere sorrera garaitik hartu zuen bide “antiekologikoaren” oinarriak eta ondorioak. Ekonomiak analizatzen duen produkzioaren eta banaketaren eremua naturatik aparte legokeen giza mundu gisa kontsideratu du, eta honek giza ekonomia beraren historia, bilakaera eta batez ere etorkizuna ikertzeko oztopo handiak jarri ditu. 1970.eko hamarkada- tik, krisi ekologikoa argiro nabarmentzen hasi zenetik, ordea, ekologiaren garapenarekin batera, arazo ekonomikoen eta ekologikoen arteko lotura berriak bilatu dira bien arteko sintesia aurkitu nahian: hau dela eta, fokatze berri horren aitzindarien arrastoak bilatu dira eta, azken hogei-hogeita hamar urte hauetan, kritika handiak egin zaizkio “ekonomia ortodoxoari”. Ekonomi zientziak erreakzionatu du, kasu batzuetan aipatu sintesia aldarrikatuz, eta beste batzuetan analisiaren atal batzuk ortodoxia neoklasikoan hala-hola integratuz. Azkenik, historia lan-batzuk abiapuntutzat hartuz, ekologi historia posible baterako bide eta ikaskizunak azaltzen saiatuko gara.

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