Autodeterminazioa eta erabakitzeko eskubidea Euskal Herrian. Kontzeptuen eboluzioa mugimendu sozialen ikuspegitik

Abstract

Lurralde gatazkei soluziobide emateko modurik ohikoena biolentzia izan da historian zehar. XX. mendetik aurrera, ordea, gatazka horiei modu baketsuan aurre egiteko mekanismoak sortzen dira, autodeterminazio eskubidea saiakerarik arrakastatsuena izanik. Honen erabilera, ordea, egoera kolonialetara mugatu eta nazio gutxituentzat oztopo ere bilakatu zen. Testuinguru horretan, erreminta berri baten jaiotza bizi izan dugu: erabakitzeko eskubidearena. Hasieran lurralde gatazkak konpontzeko gailu modura eta, ostean, aldarrikapen eta arazo ugari modu demokratikoan irtenbidea aurkitzeko mugimendu sozialen partetik.

Violence has been the most common solution to territorial conflicts throughout history. From the XXth century on, however, mechanisms arise to deal with these conflicts in a peaceful way, with the right of self-determination being the most successful trial. Nevertheless, its use was limited to colonial situations and became an obstacle for minority nations. In this context we have experienced the birth of a new tool: the right to decide. At first as a device for resolving territorial conflicts and, subsequently, from social movements to democratically resolve many demands and problems.