Ekosistema zerbitzuen ebaluazioa lurraldea-antolamenduan integratzen Urdaibaiko Biosfera Erreserban
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Abstract
Habitaten fragmentazioa gure planetak bizi duen biodibertsitatearen galeraren arrazoi nagusietako bat da. Horrek eragin zuzena izan du ekosistemen funtzionamenduan eta, ondorioz, ekosistemen zerbitzuen (EZ) horniduran. Horregatik, Europako Batzordeak, 2013ko komunikazio batean, Azpiegitura Berdea (AB) kontzeptua ezarri zuen, biodibertsitatea, konektibitate ekologikoa eta kapital naturala babesteko helburuarekin. Ikerlan gehienek animalien mugimenduan oinarrituta ABak identifikatzen dituzte, EZen hornidura kontuan hartu gabe. Ikerlan honetan, AB identifikatzeko metodo berri bat aurkezten da, animalien mugimendua zein EZen hornidura kontuan harturik. Metodologia berria Urdaibaiko Biosfera Erreserban (UBR) inplementatu zen. Bertako ABa identifikatzeko xedeaz, bai espezieen mugimenduan oinarrituriko ikuspuntua eta bai EZetan oinarrituriko ikuspuntua, biak integratu genituen kostu txikieneko bidea (least-cost path) deritzona erabiliz. Identifikatutako ABak UBRaren azaleraren %36 hartu zuen. EZ hornidura kontuan hartu izanari esker, ekosistema garrantzitsuak sartu ziren amaierako ABan, hala nola larre-belardiak eta padurak. Lortutako informazioa baliagarria izan daiteke erreserbako naturaguneetan lan egiten duten organizazio eta erakundeentzat.
Habitat fragmentation is one of the major causes of the biodiversity loss our planet is experiencing. This affects the functioning of ecosystems, which in turn affects the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, in a 2013 communication, the European Commission introduced the concept of green infrastructure (GI), which aims to protect biodiversity and ecological connectivity, as well as natural capital. Most studies base their GI on the movement of animals, regardless of the supply of ES. This study presents a new method of identifying a GI, taking into account both the movement of animals and the supply of ES. The new methodology was implemented at the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve (UBR). In order to identify the local GI we integrated a multispecies approach and an ES-based approach using the least-cost path. The resultant GI included 36% of the UBR surface. By integrating the ES-based approach, important ecosystems such as meadows and marshes were introduced into the final GI proposal. The information obtained may be useful to institutions and organizations working in the restoration of the UBR wilderness.
Habitat fragmentation is one of the major causes of the biodiversity loss our planet is experiencing. This affects the functioning of ecosystems, which in turn affects the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, in a 2013 communication, the European Commission introduced the concept of green infrastructure (GI), which aims to protect biodiversity and ecological connectivity, as well as natural capital. Most studies base their GI on the movement of animals, regardless of the supply of ES. This study presents a new method of identifying a GI, taking into account both the movement of animals and the supply of ES. The new methodology was implemented at the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve (UBR). In order to identify the local GI we integrated a multispecies approach and an ES-based approach using the least-cost path. The resultant GI included 36% of the UBR surface. By integrating the ES-based approach, important ecosystems such as meadows and marshes were introduced into the final GI proposal. The information obtained may be useful to institutions and organizations working in the restoration of the UBR wilderness.
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Azpiegitura berdea, Sare ekologikoa, Ekosistema Zerbitzuak, Gutxieneko kostuaren ibilbide-metodoa, Green Infrastructure, Ecological network, Ecosystem Services, Least-cost path method