Adberbioak aztergai: kategoriaren auzia argitzeko zenbait gogoeta

Abstract

Adberbioak beste edozein gramatika kategoriaren parekotzat, hala nola, izenaren edo adjektiboaren parekotzat, jo izan dira gramatika tradizioan (euskararako, ikus Azkue, 1925; Lafitte, 1944; Euskaltzaindia, 1991, 2021; Hualde eta Ortiz de Urbina, 2003; Salaburu et al., 2011–2019). Alabaina, lan honetan erakutsiko dudanez, ikuspegi honek hainbat arazo teoriko dakartza. Arazo hauek hizkuntzalaritza orokorraren eremukoak diren arren, nik, euskaraz bereziki, adberbioez edo kidekoez egin diren sailkapenen azterketa kritikoa egingo dut. Hala, agerian geratuko da euskaraz adberbiotzat hartu diren elementuak gramatika kategorien teoriarako esanguratsuak izan daitezkeen hainbat alderdi erakusten dituztela, hala nola, beste kategoriekin duten antzekotasun formal eta funtzionala.

Adverbs have been considered just like any other grammatical category (i.e. like nouns or adjectives) in traditional grammar (as for Basque, see Azkue, 1925; Lafitte, 1944; Euskaltzaindia, 1991, 2021; Hualde and Ortiz de Urbina, 2003; Salaburu et al., 2011–2019). However, in this paper, I will show that this perspective leads to various theoretical issues. Although these issues concern general linguistics, in this work, I will pay special attention to the classifications of Basque adverbs and similar words and I will offer a critical review of them. It will become apparent that elements that have been considered adverbs in Basque bring forward aspects that can be of great relevance to the general theory of grammatical categories, such as their formal and functional similarity to other categories.